Cultural framework Essay Example for Free

Cultural framework Essay Aside from individual perceptions and resources available to the individual and the community, interventions aimed at reducing and mitigating the spread of HIV infections must take into account the existence of social support systems in the community and society where individuals are located. For one, the availability of support either from friends, family, or community community influences an individual’s decision to adopt or change his or her lifestyle to mirror the objectives of health promotion programs. At the same time, the behaviors and lifestyles of an individual’s friends, family, or community itself may be promoting values and norms that contribute to HIV risk factors. The experiences of the HIV Prevention Planning Council of the San Francisco Health Department (2004) point to the presence of three negative influences that prevent HIV- affected individuals from seeking counselling and treatment and at the same time facilitate the continued transmission of the disease to the general populace. The first among these factors is the prevalence of drug use (p. 14), which promotes both the acceptability of substance abuse as a form of recreation and risky sexual behavior. These values are particularly dominant among San Francisco’s gay communities, whose population unsurprisingly have the biggest number of HIV infections. A second factor is San Francisco’s liberal culture (p. 13), which means that society may be more permissive of and may condone risky sexual behavior that would be deemed unacceptable in other places. The growing acceptability of risky sexual behavior and the decreasing popularity of condom use becomes a motivation for individuals to engage in activities that expose them to possible HIV infection. Moreover, the liberal culture within San Francisco’s communities may be reinforcing the acceptability of drug use, especially among poorer neighborhoods. Zierler and Krieger (1997, p. 405) note that poor communities may find substance abuse appealing, or at least find it inoffensive, since it serves both as a source of livelihood and as a source of recreation and stimulation. On the other hand, the ironic existence of racist and discriminatory attitudes within liberal San Francisco (San Francisco Health Department, 2004, p. 8) may discourage people of color, gay, and male-to-female transgendered individuals from seeking help when they become infected by HIV due to the fear that they will be doubly stigmatized by carrying the disease. Although San Francisco’s liberal values and attitudes may have negative effects on efforts to curb the HIV epidemic, these same values also provide a positive influence in combatting HIV. For one, San Francisco’s â€Å"progressive thinking and liberal policies† (San Francisco Health Department, 2004, p. 13) also enables individuals infected with HIV to easily gain the support of their friends, families, and communities, which could provide enough encouragement for them to adopt healthier lifestyles. San Francisco’s openness and diversity also allow individuals to create and live their own lifestyles with minimal pressure to conform to dominant beliefs and values which could help individuals avoid popular but negative influences on lifestyle choices. Likewise, the liberal culture within many communities enables individuals to seek support from peers such as the gay community when one’s own family displays reluctance to provide support to the individual affected by HIV. Clearly, HIV intervention programs could utilize the existence of positive social support structures in a society in order to successfully combat HIV. At the same time, these programs must be able to address and mitigate the negative influence of an individual’s social support network, including the values and attitudes of friends or family members which discourage an individual from changing his or her lifestyle to reduce HIV risk and exposure. Works Cited: San Francisco Department of Public Health. (2004). 2004 San Francisco HIV prevention plan. Retrieved February 5, 2009, from http://sfhiv. org/documents/Complete2004SanFranciscoHIVPreventionPlan. pdf Zierler, S. Krieger, (1997). Reframing women’s risk: social inequalities and HIV infection. Annual Review of Public Health 18:401–36.

Working Mothers and the Welfare State Essay -- Politics of Work-Family

"How can we explain the differences in work-family policies in the different welfare states?† Kimberly Morgan's research approach is policy centred and focuses in particular on gendered polices. In this book, with a historical comparative approach, she tries to explain how â€Å"both religious practice and religious conflict are key in the formation of the welfare state†. She emphasizes the relationship between â€Å"religion as a political force, gender and familial ideologies, the constellation of political parties and the nature of partisan competition, women's movements, policy legacies, and social structural changes† . As stressed out in the first pages: â€Å"this book examines and explain patterns of work-family policies in Sweden, France, the Netherlands and the United States, giving particular attention to child care policy but also looking at parental leave and flexible work-time arrangements. The analysis focuses on how religion has influenced on this dimension of the welfare state.† As Morgan underlines, gender differences in social policies are explained by women’s movements, by the pressures generated by social structural changes on the welfare state and by ideologies. Given that organized religion is an important source of ideology, we can then say that religion has had a fundamental role in the shaping of the relationship between state, family and gender. In fact organized religions â€Å"have sought to maintain their position as the dominant arbiters of community values and morality with giving a great attention over child and family affairs.† An example of religious influence on public welfare policies is the maintenance of the status quo perpetuated by the Christian democracy’s party. The temporal dimension of the welfa... ...by Kimberly J. Morgan, Stanford University Press, 2006 †¢ Working Mothers and the Welfare State by Kimberly J. Morgan Review by: Jason Beckfield Social Forces, Vol. 86, No. 2 (Dec., 2007), pp. 867-869 Published by: Oxford University Press †¢ Miriam Cohen. (2009) Working Mothers and the Welfare State: Religion and the Politics of Work-Family Policies in Western Europe and the United States, by Kimberly J. Morgan, Labor History, 50:3, 382-383, DOI: 10.1080/00236560903021649 †¢ Ingela K. Naumann. Working Mothers and the Welfare State: Religion and the Politics of Work-Family Policies in Western Europe and the United States, by Kimberly J. Morgan, Journal of European Social Policy DOI: 10.1177/09589287070170030602 2007 17: 286 †¢ Lewis, Jane. Gender and the development of welfare regimes Journal of European Social Policy , 1992

Clorox Green Essay

1. To persuade its customers to buy Green Works products, Clorox is striving to change the perception of the ideal cleaning product by showing that a good cleaning product does not need harmful chemicals to be effective. Clorox states that Green Works products are all natural, yet effective as any other non-natural product. Clorox is changing the consumers’ belief that all natural cleaning products are bad by emphasizing that its natural product line is effective and safe. 2. The Clorox Green Works product line appeals to the â€Å"New Green Mainstream† segment. These people are concerned about the environment, but alter their actions and purchases only when it is convenient. The people who buy Clorox’s Green Works products are concerned about the environment, but they are also concerned about the price and how convenient it is to purchase. Clorox appeals to these people by advertising its Green Works line as a natural product that really works. Clorox also provides these products at a price competitive to those of other brands who provide â€Å"Green† products. Lastly, to cater to this segment’s preference for convenience, Clorox distributes its Green Works line through mass merchandisers rather than specialty stores so consumers can buy the product without having to go out of their way. 4. Clorox should consider engaging the negative bloggers directly. By doing this they could gain a lot of knowledge about what they can do to address the bloggers concerns as well as how they can better their brand image. Through developing these personal relationships, the bloggers are lesser likely to continue posting and blogging damaging things about the partnership. The bloggers will feel as though their personal concerns are being taken into consideration and also Clorox can allow these bloggers to be a part of the solution in making sure that Clorox is not jeopardizing the core values of an organization like Sierra Club; core values that all of the members hold in confidence. Ignoring and dealing with these concerns indirectly is most likely only going to add the negative blogging. By ignoring the bloggers, Clorox risks more people joining the bloggers and severely damaging their image when it comes to providing natural products. In other words, they would be risking the opportunity to continue capitalizing on the natural cleaning market. By dealing with the concerns indirectly, they risk adding more fuel to support the bloggers concerns. Also, Clorox could easily miss the true concern the spurred the posts to begin with which would only make matters worse. 5. The endorsements of Sierra Club, the EPA, and Better Homes and Gardens are important to Clorox and the success of Green Works because these endorsements show consumers that the Green Works products are safe. These endorsements show that Clorox is also concerned about the environment and is willing to do its part to help. Clorox is already a trustworthy brand, but with these endorsements, consumers are willing to accept the product faster than without the endorsements because the endorsements create trust. Also, because Clorox is essentially paying the Sierra Club for its endorsement, this has created some negativity and diminished the endorsement’s credibility. By having the U.S. EPA and Better Homes and Gardens endorse Clorox’s new line brings back the trust that was lost when Clorox partnered with the Sierra Club and also shows that not only the Sierra Club recommends Clorox’s products, but other prominent sources as well. 6. No, it does not affect our attitude towards Green Works. We can see why the bloggers are upset that the Sierra Club is receiving money from Clorox, but to us, the Sierra Club and Clorox are in a partnership and that sometimes means sharing profits. Clorox is helping the Sierra Club’s environmental efforts by providing monetary compensation for its endorsement. Although Clorox does produce other products that are made with unnatural products, the Sierra Club has only approved its logo on the Green Works line. Knowing that the Sierra Club is receiving money from Clorox does not affect our attitude towards Green Works because it also received endorsements from the EPA and Better Homes and Gardens, which show us that the Green Works line is a legitimate product line. The affective component of the attitude process is at work here.

Stevensons Representation of Evil in Dr Jekyll and Mr...

Stevensons Representation of Evil in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is a classic novel telling the story of the struggle between good and evil. The good being shown in the form of a well-respected Doctor Henry Jekyll and the evil being released from a lengthy repression in the form of Mr Edward Hyde. In my essay I will be concentrating on the influences of the Victorian age and how Stevenson involved aspects of his own life into the writing of the book. The 64 years from 1837 to 1901, which was the Victorian age, was a repressive society to live in. There were strict codes of morality, which meant that everyone had to look, sound and more importantly act in a certain way.†¦show more content†¦Nurse Cunningham talked a lot to Stevenson about her views on what Hell is like and how if you do one wrong thing in your life you will go there and suffers, she believed that there were only good people and bad people and no-one had both good and bad in them. Stevensons own lifestyle and the novel of Jekyll and Hyde seem to contradict Alison Cunninghams views and beliefs. Stevensons student life is thought to have influenced him in the writing of the novel, by day he was a well-educated student at Edinburgh University and by night he would visit the old town, go out drinking and have fun. From a young age Stevenson enjoyed reading and even when at University he would find time between studying and going out to enjoy a good novel. He was influenced by many writers such as William Hazlitt, Sir Thomas Browne, Charles Lamp, Michel de Montaigne and Daniel Defoe and is thought to have tried to mimic their ways of writing in his own novels. A superb role model was Daniel Defoe who is said, by some, to have been one of the initial founders of the English novel, as before his work most fiction was written in plays or poems. Stevenson brought about the notion of duality through the character of Dr Jekyll and his evil side, Mr Hyde. Dr Jekyll was a middle classShow MoreRelated The Representation of Evil in Stevensons Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde1490 Words   |  6 PagesThe Representation of Evil in Stevensons Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde This essay will show how evil is represented in Robert Louis Stevensons Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is about evil and the duality of peoples personalities. To show this I will focus on Stevensons use of characterization, setting, historical, social and cultural context, settings, symbols and language. Robert Stevenson lived in the Victorian era, this was a very repressiveRead MoreStevensons Representation of Good and Evil in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde1522 Words   |  7 PagesStevensons Representation of Good and Evil in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde In this piece of coursework, I am asked to first of all, discuss how the novel is mainly concerned with the struggle between good and evil. Next, I will be moving on to discovering the historical, social, and cultural issues of the novel; this will discus what Stevensons literary influences were. Subsequently, I will be exploring the actual evil character oh Mr. Edward Hyde; thisRead MoreThe Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1052 Words   |  5 PagesLouis Stevenson’s Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Apart from being an exceptional Gothic work, Stevenson’s novella is an excellent critique of the hypocrisy that dominated the Victorian era. In his novella, Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Robert Louis Stevenson uses the characters of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde to expose the double standards and moral pretensions that governed Victorian society. Dr. Jekyll, the protagonist in Stevenson’s Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, is theRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1505 Words   |  7 PagesStevenson published his novella, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. The fin de sià ¨cle saw the rise of different thoughts and ideas surrounding science and society. These concepts and interpretations sparked the discourse surrounding the theory of degeneration; which was the concern that civilization would fall to a lower state of being. This chapter will be reading multiplex personality as a manifestation of this broader cultural fear. Stevenson’s story played upon the changes society was facingRead MoreDr Jekyll And Mr Hyde Analysis1709 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"All human beings are commingled out of good and evil.† Robert Louis Stevenson was no fool when it came to understanding the duality of human nature evident within mankind. In his novella, the Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and M r. Hyde, Stevenson is able to explore his interests concerning the dark, hidden desires that all human beings are guilty of possessing. In his story, a well-respected professional by the name of Dr. Jekyll experiments with the idea of contrasting personalities and successfullyRead MoreJekyll And Hyde Dualism Essay1315 Words   |  6 Pagesthe most important from the Victorian Gothic Era would be â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.† This novella deals with many themes that intertwine together to form a complex idea of dualism. It has aspects from personality division and the ultimate question of how good and evil can tie into Victorian society’s view of public and private life. Stevenson the personalities of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, with evil and good aspects as well as the public and private life to demonstrate a clear understandingRead MoreTheme Of Dualism In Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde972 Words   |  4 Pagesselling novel, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. It t old the terrifying story of the power of addiction and the monsters that lurk within all of humanity. In this story many readers are intrigued by the psychological depth that Stevenson puts into the duo of Dr. Jekyll and his alternate personality Mr. Hyde, and even today the names of this alternating couple have become a kind of parable for any â€Å"devil in disguise†. The theme of dualisms main role is proven in this story as the theme when Jekyll undergoes radicalRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1012 Words   |  5 PagesRobert Louis Stevenson’s â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† is a classic Victorian tale of good and evil. The novel tells the story of Dr. Henry Jekyll, a respected scientist who so desperately needs to separate his morality from his self-indulgence. Aware of the evil side of his own being, he seeks to be free of it through scientific experiments resulting into the â€Å"bestial† Mr. Hyde. It’s a simple tale about the good and evil that exist in all of us. Through his brilliance, StevensonRead More Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde2544 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde† is a gothic horror novella written by Robert Louis Stevenson in the Victorian era. The novella follows a well-respected doctor - Henry Jekyll - and his struggle between good and evil when he takes a potion and becomes Mr Hyde. Robert Louis Stevenson - the author of the novella â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde†- was born in Edinburgh in 1850 and died at the young age of forty-four. He wrote the book in 1886. As a child he was very closeRead MoreTheme Of Innocence And Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1054 Words   |  5 PagesExperience, by Blake, and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, by Stevenson, are two stories, which present a case of duality. At the beginning of each of these novels, the author presents two different extremes: Blake presents innocence and experience and Stevenson presents good and evil. In both of these novels, as the story progresses, their two extremes struggle to coexist and one ultimately dominates over the other. Both Songs of Innocence Songs of Experience and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde understand duality as